Newest FAQs
Clevis Pin Question
When using a clevis pin and using a cotter pin, or a spring pin, or a spring clip, or a retaining ring to capture the outer end, my practice has always been to place a washer under the retaining device to discourage deformation and/or loss of the retaining device due to rotation of the clevis pin. Who agrees out there?It seems like this question is directed toward clevis pins that are used to connect control assemblies, linkages and perhaps hinges. In these applications where rotation of the clevis pin is anticipated, I agree that a washer would protect the retaining device from possible ‘side effects’ of the rotation. In the case of pins that... Read more
Grade 8 vs ASTM A325
Is a Grade 8 bolt the same as an ASTM A325?ASTM A325 and SAE J429 grade 8 are not the same fastener. As a matter of fact, they couldn’t be more different. SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers) establishes specifications covering fasteners intended for use in automotive, OEM, and equipment applications, while ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) provides specifications for construction fasteners. There are... Read more
ASTM Tie Rod Standards
Is it appropriate to spec ASTM F1554 in place of A36 tie rods for higher strength applications? What are the lengths these rods come in, the availability of each grade, and cost differences?Most ASTM standards address the recommended application of the fastener. There are often two or three different ASTM specifications with similar chemical and mechanical properties, but with differing applications. ASTM F1554 is a specification that is designed for anchor bolts embedded in concrete. Since your application is for tie rod assemblies, it would appear that... Read more
Structural Bolt Length Tolerance
According to section 9 of the ASME B18.2.6 specification that covers fasteners for use in structural applications, an A325 structural bolt can actually be produced .12” to .25” less than the published length and still meet the specification.According to section 9 of the ASME B18.2.6 specification, which covers dimensional tolerances for hex bolts, A325 and A490 structural bolts can actually be produced between .12 to .25 of inch less than the published length and still meet the specification. This small difference isn’t much, but mass bolt producers save a significant amount of... Read more
How a Bolt Head is Formed
How is a bolt head formed?What many people do not realize is that the head of a bolt is formed by heating the end of a piece of steel round bar and then forging (reshaping) the heated end into a head. The head is not welded on or otherwise “attached” to the end of the round bar. For example, the... Read more
ASTM A193-B7 Thread Pitch
What bolts are available in ASTM A193-B7 and what is the appropriate thread pitch to specify?“My plant uses hex head cap screws, ASTM A193-B7 as standard. We typically stock the constant thread series 8 TPI fasteners above 1 inch diameter. However, many tapped items like expansion joints come with UNC thread counts, like 7 threads per inch (TPI) for 1-1/4″ diameter bolts. This causes a problem sometimes when fasteners don’t... Read more
ASTM A36 vs A307
What are the differences between A36 and A307?ASTM A36 is a steel (raw material) specification, while ASTM A307 is a fastener specification. In other words, once you take A36 round bar and cut it, thread it, bend it, forge a head on it, or otherwise process it and turn it into a fastener, it becomes an A307 bolt. Often times, ASTM A307... Read more
RA% = “Reduction of Area”
What is "Reduction of Area (RA%)"?RA% is a term that stands for “reduction of area percentage.” It is an important requirement of the ASTM F1554 specification, in addition to other specifications. This value is reported as a percentage of the original test piece. When fasteners undergo mechanical testing, they are pulled to failure and the diameter of the point at which... Read more
Fastener Head Markings Decoded
Sometimes there are lines on the bolt head. What do they mean?The lines on the head of a bolt indicate its grade. SAE J429 (Society of Automotive Engineers) bolts have radial lines, whereas ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) uses a combination of letters and numbers to indicate the grade. Three radial lines will indicate an SAE grade 5 fastener, while six radial lines will... Read more
Large Diameter ASTM A325 Bolts
Does Portland Bolt manufacture 1-3/4” diameter A325 heavy hex bolts?No. As a matter of fact, nobody does. The ASTM F3125 grade A325 specification clearly denotes the diameter range of this grade of fastener to be ½” through 1-1/2” inclusive. Therefore, an A325 bolt larger than 1-1/2” diameter simply does not exist. It cannot be manufactured because there are no dimensional or strength requirements for... Read more